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Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 2014 May;55(5):416-27. The author compares 3 kinds of studies for treatment of ADHD – restricted elimination diets (RED), artificial food colour elimination (AFCE), and essential fatty acid (e.g. fish oil) supplements (SFFA). He concludes … Continue reading
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European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2014 Jul;23(7):519-29. Verlaet discusses the common causes of GI problems, asthma, eczema, ear infections, and ADHD – involving both genes, immunity, and inflammation. An immune imbalance can be related to food provoking ADHD-like behavior. Food … Continue reading
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The Medical Journal of Australia, 2013. Jun 17; 198(11): 600-2. Gray, Mehr, Katelaris … & Ziegler Gray was treating patients who had tried the low-salicylate diet (called the FAILSAFE diet) used in Australia, which is more restrictive than the Feingold diet, … Continue reading
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American Journal of Psychiatry, 2013. March. 170(3): 275-89. This paper is a review of dietary and psychological treatments for ADHD. QUOTE (Conclusion): “Free fatty acid supplementation and artificial food color exclusions appear to have beneficial effects on ADHD symptoms, although … Continue reading
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Nutrition Review, 2013 May;71(5):268-81. Stevens reviews the research on mechanisms by which food dyes and common foods may cause behavioral changes in children with and without ADHD. The three potential mechanisms are toxicological, antinutritional, and hypersensitivity. Suggestions for future studies … Continue reading
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Neurotherapeutics. 2012 Jul;9(3):599-609. Arnold reviews the history of the effects of artificial food colors (AFC) on ADHD and the testimony to the 2011 FDA Food Advisory Committee. Arnold discusses possible biological mechanisms such as the effects of food dyes on … Continue reading
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Pediatrics, 2012 Feb;129(2): 330-7. Millichap says his article is a comprehensive overview of the role of diet for treatment of children with ADHD “when pharmacotherapy has proven unsatisfactory or unacceptable.” He promises to talk about new research. Unfortunately, he falls … Continue reading
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Lebanese American University, Masters Thesis 2012 In a project for her Masters Degree in Education, Linda Saab performed a case study on a 9 year old boy in Beirut who was diagnosed with ADHD. Although he was observed for 5 … Continue reading
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Environmental Health Perspectives, 2012 Jan;120(1):1-5. Dr. Weiss examines the basis of the FDA’s position on food dyes, the decision of the Food Advisory Committee, and the reasons that this is an environmental health issue He points out that they limited … Continue reading
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European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2011. 20 (9), 431-2. Concerned about the enormous increase in use of psychostimulant drugs such as Ritalin, the authors of this editorial discuss the research supporting the use of other options. In particular, they find … Continue reading
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Journal of American Science, 2011; 7 (6): 1211-1218. This paper from Egypt describes a double-blind controlled study on rats to determine the behavioral effects of long-term exposure to various doses of tartrazine (E102, Yellow 5) provided in the drinking water … Continue reading
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The Lancet, 2011. Feb 5;377 (9764): 494-503 This is a study of 100 children diagnosed with ADHD but not selected on any basis of expectation of a dietary effect. The children were randomly assigned to an experimental diet group and … Continue reading
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Clinical Pediatrics (Phila), 2011. Apr; 50(4): 279-93. In their review of the literature, Stevens et al conclude that the evidence indicates that a diet free of food dyes is appropriate for “children who have not responded satisfactorily to conventional treatment, … Continue reading
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European Journal of Pediatrics, 2010 Sep;169(9): 1129-38. The 27 children in the Pelsser 2009 study were also evaluated for the effect of their diet condition on their sleep problems and other physical complaints. Such complaints included headaches, bellyaches, unusual thirst, … Continue reading
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American Journal of Psychiatry. 2010 Sep;167(9): 1108-15 Stevenson analyzed the reactions of children in the McCann (2007) study to see why not all children react to additives in the same way. He found that variation in several genes that control … Continue reading
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European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2009 Jan;18(1):12-9. In a randomized controlled trial in the Netherlands, 27 children were assigned either to an elimination diet or to a “waiting list” control group for 5 weeks, beginning after a 2-week “baseline” diet … Continue reading
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Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 2008. Jan-Feb; 14(1): 79-85. Curtis & Patel This is a review of literature available in 2008. The authors say many of the studies link exposure to toxins such as mercury, lead, and pesticides, as well … Continue reading
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Lancet, September 6, 2007 As a followup to the earlier Bateman (2004) study, the authors retested 153 toddlers as well as 144 elementary school (8/9 years old) children from the general population. They were briefly put on a dye-free … Continue reading
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American Journal of Public Health, 2006. Oct;96(10):1815-20 The authors surveyed almost 5,500 students in 10th grade to see how many sugar-containing soft drinks they consumed per day and to assess their mental health and conduct. AUTHORS’ CONCLUSIONS: “High consumption levels … Continue reading
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Journal of Attention Disorders, 2006. Nov;10(2):200-4. Because several studies had reported a possible association of celiac disease (CD) and ADHD symptoms, the authors evaluated 132 participants diagnosed with CD – both children and adults – for ADHD symptoms before they … Continue reading
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Archives of Disease in Childhood. 2004 Jun;89(6):506-11. The authors put 277 3-year-old children from the general population on a diet without artificial food dyes or benzoate preservatives for a week, and then challenged them at various times with a drink … Continue reading
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Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 2004 Dec;25(6):423-34. Searching 10 databases for double-blind placebo-controlled trials on the effects of artificial food dyes, Schab and Trinh found 15 that met their criteria. QUOTE: “Our meta-analysis supports the hypothesis that AFCs (artificial … Continue reading
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Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2002. Aug;38(4):373-6. Dengate & Ruben In Australia, 27 children whose behavior had improved on the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital diet were enrolled in a double-blind placebo-controlled test of the bread preservative calcium propionate (preservative … Continue reading
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Nederlandsch tijdschrift voor geneeskunde 2002, Dec 28;146(52):2543-7. 36 boys and 4 girls, diagnosed with ADHD, were put on an oligoantigenic (few foods – rice, turkey, pear and lettuce) diet for two weeks. 9 children (23%) withdrew from the study because of … Continue reading
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Annales Academiae Medicae Stetinensis, 1998;44:297-314 Deficiencies of magnesium, copper, zinc, calcium, and iron occur more in children with ADHD, and magnesium deficiency is the most frequent. Starobrat-Hermelin studied a group of 110 hyperactive children who also had a variety … Continue reading
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European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 1997. Jun;6(2):88-95. Fig. 1 Study design Schmidt compared the effectiveness of an oligoantigenic (few foods) diet with Ritalin for hyperactive disruptive children (today called conduct disorder). 44% responded to Ritalin while 24% responded equally well … Continue reading
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European Journal of Pediatrics, 1997. Jul;156(7):557-61. Uhlig carried out EEG brain mapping on 15 children with food-induced ADHD, both when they were on their diet and when they had been given provoking foods. Consuming the provoking foods caused a significant … Continue reading
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Annals of Allergy, May 1994, Vol. 72, pp. 462-8. Boris, Mandel 73% of 26 children with ADHD responded favorably to a diet eliminating reactive foods and artificial colors. 16 of the improved children were given a double blind challenge with … Continue reading
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Journal of Pediatrics, November 1994, Vol. 135, pp.691-8 150 of 200 children [75%] improved on an open trial of a diet free of synthetic food coloring, and deteriorated upon introduction of foods containing synthetic colorings. 34 other “clear” or “suspected” … Continue reading
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Archives of Disease in Childhood, November 1993, Vol. 69 (5), pp.564-8 Carter, Urbanowicz, Hemsley, & Taylor 59 of 78 children (75.6%) referred for “hyperactive behavior” improved on an open trial of an elimination diet. 19 of them were studied in a placebo-controlled … Continue reading
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Clinical Pediatrics (Phila) 1992 May;31(5):302-7. 21 children with migraine and/or hyperkinetic behavior disorder also had daytime or nighttime enuresis (wetting). Use of an oligoantigenic (few-foods) diet controlled their migraine and/or hyperkinesis, and for 76% of them the diet also stopped … Continue reading
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Pediatria Medica e Chirurgica 1992 Jan-Feb;14(1):39-42 The author describes two cases of reactions to the food additives tartrazine (Yellow 5) and benzoates involving mainly the central nervous system (headache, migraine, overactivity, concentration and learning difficulties, depression) and joints (arthralgias), confirmed … Continue reading
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Journal of Applied Nutrition, November 1, 1991, Vol. 43. In a review of diet changes made in 813 prisons in California, implementation of “nutrient dense diets” resulted in “significantly improved conduct, intelligence, and/or academic performance” Full Text || Get Password
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Pollock & Warner, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1990. Jan;65(1):74-7, Heart and Lung Institute, Brompton Hospital, London. Pollock did a double-blind placebo-controlled challenge study on 19 children who had improved previously on an additive-free diet. He didn’t use any additives … Continue reading
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Proceedings of the Nutrition Society of Australia, 1990 pg. 233. Sarantinos studied 13 children, 4-14 years old, who had been at least 6 weeks on a diet free of synthetic food dyes as part of their treatment for ADHD. The … Continue reading
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Journal of Nutritional Medicine; 1 (1). 1990. 51-58. Ward first studied the zinc status in various tissues (blood, hair, saliva, etc) in 20 hyperactive boys compared to 20 non-hyperactive boys. Then, in a double-blind placebo-controlled study of 10 hyperactive boys … Continue reading
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Journal of Pediatrics, 1989. Jan;114(1):51-8. Egger, Carter, Soothill, & Wilson Egger put 45 children with epilepsy and recurrent headaches, abdominal symptoms, or hyperactivity on an oligoantigenic (few foods) diet. 36 of them — 80% — improved. QUOTE: “Headaches, abdominal pains, … Continue reading
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Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, April 1989, Vol. 17(2), pp.127-32. Kaplan compared food diaries of children with and without ADHD and concluded that it was idiosyncratic sensitivities to components in the diet rather than a different overall diet. MedLine || … Continue reading
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Australian Paediatric Journal, April 1988, Vol. 24 (2), pp. 143-7 Of 220 children referred for suspected hyperactivity, 55 were put on a 6-week trial of the Feingold Diet. 40 of them — 72.7% — exhibited improved behavior, and 26 of … Continue reading
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Journal of Learning Disabilities, 1987 Jun-Jul;20(6):331-5, 346. Burlton-Bennett & Robinson A single subject ABAB (on-off-on-off) design was used to test the effectiveness of the Feingold (K-P) diet in the treatment of a 6-year-old hyperkinetic male who seemed to be diet-responsive. … Continue reading
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Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1987. Feb;62(2):119-22. In a double-blind study, David challenged 24 of his patients who had been using diet for ADHD with benzoic acid (a preservative) and a large dose of coloring — 250 mg of Yellow … Continue reading
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Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1987. Jan;26(1):53-5. Gross carried out a diet study in a summer camp which is a great way to totally control the diet and get solid results in a study. NOTE: … Continue reading
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International Journal for Biosocial Research, 1986, 8(2); 185-195. Over 4 years, 803 New York City schools changed their breakfast and lunch programs. They lowered sucrose, synthetic food color/flavors, and two preservatives (BHA and BHT). For each change, there was an … Continue reading
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The Lancet, 9;1(8428):540-5. Egger, Carter, Graham, Gumley, & Soothill 62 of 76 (81.6%) overactive children improved by at least one grade level on an oligoantigenic (few foods) diet. Benzoic acid and tartrazine (Yellow 5) were the most common problems, but all … Continue reading
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Nutrition and Health. 1984; 3(1-2): 39-54. Menzies reviews the existing literature and presents a number of case studies of children with idiosyncratic responses to foods and additives. QUOTE: “Perhaps not enough attention has been paid to the role of biological … Continue reading
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Lancet, 1983. Oct 15;2(8355):865-9. Egger, Carter, Wilson, Turner, & Soothill 93% of 88 children with severe frequent migraine recovered on an oligoantigenic (few foods) diet. 40 of them were challenged with various foods in a double-blind test, establishing that it … Continue reading
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Journal of Learning Disabilities, 1983. Jun-Jul;16(6):319-23. Mattes gives his opinion that improvement on the Feingold diet is “based on anecdotal evidence;” he claims that the studies show the diet “is probably not effective, except perhaps in a very small percentage … Continue reading
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Ecology of Disease, 1982. 1(2-3):153-65 QUOTE:The increase in behavioural disorders accompanied by a persistent drop in scholastic performance coupled with the continuing rise in the prevalence of delinquency is undoubtedly one of the most important expressions of the disruption of … Continue reading
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Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology, 1982. Jan-Feb;4(1): 43-9. Goldenring, Batter & Shaywitz Goldenring studied the effects of giving sulfanilic acid to rat pups. He chose this chemical because it is formed when azo food dyes are digested. He gave the sulfanilic acid … Continue reading
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International Journal of Neuroscience, 1982. May;16(3-4):241-246 QUOTE: “… The physiological measures [EEG and heart rate] were obtained prior to and following the ingestion of drinks containing food additives or placebos, which were administered in a double-blind, randomized, crossover procedure. … … Continue reading
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Mattes & Gittelman, Archives of General Psychiatry. 1981. June; 38(6): 714-8 Mattes claimed he tried to maximize the behavioral effects of artificial food dyes by (1) studying only children already on the Feingold diet, (2) trying to exclude placebo responders, … Continue reading
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Science, March 28, 1980, Vol. 207. pp.1485-7 QUOTE: “The performance of the hyperactive children on paired-associate learning tests on the day they received the dye blend was impaired relative to their performance after they received the placebo, but the performance … Continue reading
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Science, 1980. March 28;207 (4438): 1487-9. QUOTE: ”Twenty-two young children, maintained on a diet that excluded certain foods, were challenged intermittently with a blend of seven artificial colors in a double-blind trial. Parents’ observations provided the criteria of response. One … Continue reading
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The Journal of Pediatrics. 1979. June; 94(6):944-5 Trying to find a reason why some children respond well to the Feingold Diet and others don’t, Brenner measured copper and zinc levels in the blood of 20 children who had responded well … Continue reading
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International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 1979. Vol 23(1) 73-84. QUOTE: “This disenchantment with present-day rehabilitation techniques prompted the Ford Foundation in its annual report for 1977 to recommend that the role in delinquency of biochemical and organic … Continue reading
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Science. 1979. July 27; 205 (4404): 410-2. Lafferman found that erythrosin B [Red 3] given to rats prevents the uptake of dopamine (the “feel good” neurotransmitter) by nerve cells in the brain called the caudate synaptosomes. This is consistent with … Continue reading
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Neurobehavioral Toxicology, 1979. Spring;1(1):41-7. (Today called Neurotoxicology and Teratology) In a study on rat pups, the highest dose of food dyes caused the greatest activity. Even after a half hour, the pups only calmed down by 7.25% — while the … Continue reading
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Medical Journal of Australia, 1978 Dec 2;2(12):548, 569-70. Dumbrell, Woodhill, Mackie & Leelarthaepin The Feingold diet, as used in Australia, was found to be nutritionally superior to a “normal” diet, and pronounced safe to use. MedLine
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Medical Journal of Australia, 1978. Dec 2;2(12):570-2. Fitzsion, Holborow, Berry & Latham To test for reactions to salicylate, 12 children who had been on the Feingold diet for about a year were challenge-tested with 40 mg of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) in … Continue reading
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Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 1978. April; 14(2):39-40. Goyette, Conners, Petti, & Curtis Goyette et al performed two studies: Experiment One: 16 children were put on the diet and were much improved according to both parents and teachers. Then they were challenged … Continue reading
