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Bradman, Castorina, Thilakaratne, … Miller. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. Aug 5;19(15):9661 The authors estimated exposure of women of child-bearing age and children to artificial food dyes. Even though these were only one-day and two-day estimates, and … Continue reading
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Lamport, Lawton, Merat … Dye. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 103: 775-783. The intent of this study, funded by Welch Foods, was to show that grape juice improves driving ability in stressed people (moms of teens). The authors concluded that … Continue reading
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Food Additives & Contaminants, Part A Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment. 2023 Apr 26;1-12. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2023.2203778. Online ahead of print In Guaratuba-Parana, Brazil, the diet of 323 preschool children aged 2 to 5 years were studied for three … Continue reading
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Faraone, Antshel. Child & Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 23(4): 965-72 This paper reviews an evidence-based approach to help doctors explain to parents the relative benefits of nonpharmacologic treatments for ADHD. Food dye exclusion is given a “4” in … Continue reading
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Braganza, Galvez, Ozuah. Contemporary Pediatrics. 23(5): 47-49. This paper’s stated purpose was to advise doctors on how to respond to parents asking about diet therapy for ADHD – in particular, the Feingold diet. To support their opinion, Braganza et al … Continue reading
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Pediatrics. Jan;83(1):7-17 The authors tested a number of children using what could be called a “stage two Feingold Diet.” The diet used, in other words, eliminated food dyes and several other additives, but did not eliminate salicylate-containing foods such as … Continue reading
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Spectrochimica Acta Part A: molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. 15(181(: 116-124. Tartrazine (Yellow 5) interacts with both human and bovine albumin to form amyloid fibrils such as those found in some neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s. MedLine || Full Text
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Perceptual and Motor Skills, 52: 307-313. (FDA study) NOTE: The Conners’ scores for the children when they were ON the diet were not given, but it is assumed the children had actually responded to the diet before being tested on … Continue reading
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Study Protocol. BioMed Central Ltd. Psychiatry. 20: 262 This study has not yet happened. It is intended to compare two dietary treatments (an elimination diet and a “healthy” diet) and “Care As Usual” (medication). It is being done in the … Continue reading
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Child’s Nervous System, 27: 793-802. Using the same testing the International Olympic Committee uses for detecting prohibited excitatory substances, the authors attempted to find out if eating certain foods may create an excess of excitatory substances in the urine of … Continue reading
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The Journal of Pediatrics. 163(5); 1323-1328. The authors here attempted to determine the effect, if any, of soda consumption on aggressive behavior, attention problems, and withdrawn behavior among 5-year-olds. Similar studies on older children had determined that consuming soft drinks … Continue reading
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Journal of Attention Disorders, 2011 Jul;15(5):403-11. Complete data, including diet and ADHD diagnoses, were obtined on 1,172 adolescents (14 year olds) from the Raine Study which had been following children from birth. The authors noted that the “Western” dietary pattern … Continue reading
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Nutritional Neuroscience, 2020 Sep 4:1-9 In a large group of children followed from birth, data on diet and behavior were obtained on 535 children at both 4 and 6 years old. The foodsinvestigated were divided into four basic groups: Sweet: … Continue reading
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European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, November 2018; 72 (11):1517-1523. The authors studied several eating patterns among Chinese children. While the “processed,” “snack,” and “beverage” dietary patterns were all positively associated with ADHD symptoms, the “vegetarian” (more natural) dietary pattern was … Continue reading
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Frontiers in Psychiatry, August 2020, Volume 11, 730, pp. 1-12 An oligoantigenic diet is a few-foods diet, used sometimes to identify foods a child may be allergic to. It excludes all the food dyes, preservatives, and other additives, as well … Continue reading
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Kirkland AE, Langan MT, & Holton KF, Nutritional Neuroscience (2020), DOI: 10.1080/1028415X.2020.1730614 Although this is a small pilot study, and the first to consider young adults, it indicates that food dyes may affect both brainwave activity and ADHD symptoms in … Continue reading
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Nutrients. May 7;10(5). pii: E573. Rodrigo says that Tourette Syndrome (GTS) and gluten sensitivity may be associated. 23 children and 6 adults were put on a gluten-free diet and followed for a year. They found a “marked reduction” in tics, … Continue reading
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Pediatrics, 2017 Jan 30. pii: e20162027 This study took place in Spain, where families have a long tradition of eating the Mediterranean diet. As diets today veer away from traditional healthful foods towards junk food, candies and convenience foods, behavior … Continue reading
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Child Care Health & Development. 2015 May;41 (3):424-33 This study examines the “mechanisms by which food advertising prompts children’s consumer behavior.” The children respond to advertising by (1) an increase in expectations and purchase motivation, (2) happiness upon acquiring the … Continue reading
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Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery. 2015 Jan; 152(1): 42-47. Aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is comprised of aspirin/acetyl-salicylic acid (ASA) sensitivity, bronchial asthma, and nasal polyposis. Treatment may include steroids, surgery, and/or aspirin desensitization. In this study of 10 patients, … Continue reading
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International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology. 2016. April; 6(4): 385-91 30 patients diagnosed with aspirin sensitivity and aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) were entered into a diet trial. They ate either a regular diet or a low-salicylate diet for 6 … Continue reading
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Childs Nervous System. 2011 May;27(5): 793-802 This is one of the first studies to investigate the relationship between dietary components and Tourette syndrome (TS). Using the laboratory that tested the Olympic Games contestants for illegal stimulant drugs, the researchers tested … Continue reading
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Annals of General Psychiatry (2015) March 1; 14:12 This was a study on children with ADHD who were already receiving Ritalin therapy, to see if improving their diet in general might make a difference. The children were divided into two … Continue reading
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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2016 July 4;13(7). pii: E678. In this study of Taiwanese children, a strong correlation was found between amount of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) consumed per day and ADHD. A dose-response effect was observed, … Continue reading
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Clinical Allergy. 1978 Jan;8(1): 65-8. In an Israeli hospital, Neuman et al tested the effect of 50 mg of tartrazine (Yellow 5) on 97 patients with a variety of allergic disorders and 25 with non-allergic rhinitis. First, all patients were … Continue reading
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Prostaglandins and Medicine, 1978 Dec;1(6):499-505 The authors discuss the bronchoconstriction caused by tartrazine (Yellow 5) in people who are aspirin-sensitive, as well as its effect on the prostaglandin system of guinea pig lungs. They found that the dye inhibits formation … Continue reading
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Clinical Allergy. 1976 Mar;6(2): 119-29. In this study, Stenius and Lemola used far less of tartrazine (Yellow 5) and aspirin than what a person may normally ingest, and had to overcome chronic medication as well (see NOTES below). Nevertheless, they … Continue reading
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Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 1975. Sep;56(3): 215-21 The authors presented their evidence that in aspirin intolerance there are two mechanisms – one causing bronchospasm (breathing difficulty such as in asthma) and the other causing urticaria (hives). They also … Continue reading
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British Journal of Psychiatry (2002), 181,22–28 This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised study of 231 young adult prisoners. They were given nutritional supplements used in England, and their disciplinary offenses before and after were compared. QUOTE: “Conclusions: Antisocial behaviour … Continue reading
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Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science, 1998, Jan-Mar;33(1):49-60 This was a small study of 17 children, some on medications and some not. During the study, some of those on medication had their meds reduced by half and some did not. For … Continue reading
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Physiology & Behavior 2015, Jan. 138:179-87. This is a small study showing that autism is both genetic and environmental. The more “bad” microbes in the gut, the worse the autism, and probiotics helped. QUOTE: “This pilot study suggests the role … Continue reading
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Eastern Michigan University Master’s Theses. 2013. Bell counted number of exposures to food dye, not the actual amounts of dye, consumed, and she found that children are exposed to food dyes at least twice as much as adults. She also … Continue reading
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Lebanese American University, Masters Thesis 2012 In a project for her Masters Degree in Education, Linda Saab performed a case study on a 9 year old boy in Beirut who was diagnosed with ADHD. Although he was observed for 5 … Continue reading
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The Lancet, 2011. Feb 5;377 (9764): 494-503 This is a study of 100 children diagnosed with ADHD but not selected on any basis of expectation of a dietary effect. The children were randomly assigned to an experimental diet group and … Continue reading
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European Journal of Pediatrics, 2010 Sep;169(9): 1129-38. The 27 children in the Pelsser 2009 study were also evaluated for the effect of their diet condition on their sleep problems and other physical complaints. Such complaints included headaches, bellyaches, unusual thirst, … Continue reading
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European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2009 Jan;18(1):12-9. In a randomized controlled trial in the Netherlands, 27 children were assigned either to an elimination diet or to a “waiting list” control group for 5 weeks, beginning after a 2-week “baseline” diet … Continue reading
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Lancet, September 6, 2007 As a followup to the earlier Bateman (2004) study, the authors retested 153 toddlers as well as 144 elementary school (8/9 years old) children from the general population. They were briefly put on a dye-free … Continue reading
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American Journal of Public Health, 2006. Oct;96(10):1815-20 The authors surveyed almost 5,500 students in 10th grade to see how many sugar-containing soft drinks they consumed per day and to assess their mental health and conduct. AUTHORS’ CONCLUSIONS: “High consumption levels … Continue reading
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Journal of Attention Disorders, 2006. Nov;10(2):200-4. Because several studies had reported a possible association of celiac disease (CD) and ADHD symptoms, the authors evaluated 132 participants diagnosed with CD – both children and adults – for ADHD symptoms before they … Continue reading
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Archives of Disease in Childhood. 2004 Jun;89(6):506-11. The authors put 277 3-year-old children from the general population on a diet without artificial food dyes or benzoate preservatives for a week, and then challenged them at various times with a drink … Continue reading
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Nederlandsch tijdschrift voor geneeskunde 2002, Dec 28;146(52):2543-7. 36 boys and 4 girls, diagnosed with ADHD, were put on an oligoantigenic (few foods – rice, turkey, pear and lettuce) diet for two weeks. 9 children (23%) withdrew from the study because of … Continue reading
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Journal of Nutritional & Environmental Medicine , Vol.8, No.1, Mar.1998, pp.77-83 All 9 children with disruptive and/or criminal behavior in this study were found to have a number of food allergies or intolerances and mineral imbalances, particularly zinc. Three also … Continue reading
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Annales Academiae Medicae Stetinensis, 1998;44:297-314 Deficiencies of magnesium, copper, zinc, calcium, and iron occur more in children with ADHD, and magnesium deficiency is the most frequent. Starobrat-Hermelin studied a group of 110 hyperactive children who also had a variety … Continue reading
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Journal of Nutritional & Environmental Medicine, Vol.7, No.4 Dec 1997 pp.359-366 About 75% of persistent young offenders have behaviors linked to food sensitivity and nutrition problems; only 18% of young non-offenders have such problems. MedLine || Full Text || Get Password
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European Journal of Pediatrics, 1997. Jul;156(7):557-61. Uhlig carried out EEG brain mapping on 15 children with food-induced ADHD, both when they were on their diet and when they had been given provoking foods. Consuming the provoking foods caused a significant … Continue reading
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Annals of Allergy, May 1994, Vol. 72, pp. 462-8. 73% of 26 children with ADHD responded favorably to a diet eliminating reactive foods and artificial colors. 16 of the improved children were given a double blind challenge with 100 mg … Continue reading
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Journal of Pediatrics, November 1994, Vol. 135, pp.691-8 150 of 200 children [75%] improved on an open trial of a diet free of synthetic food coloring, and deteriorated upon introduction of foods containing synthetic colorings. 34 other “clear” or “suspected” … Continue reading
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Archives of Disease in Childhood, November 1993, Vol. 69 (5), pp.564-8 59 of 78 children (75.6%) referred for “hyperactive behavior” improved on an open trial of an elimination diet. 19 of them were studied in a placebo-controlled double-blind challenge protocol. … Continue reading
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Pediatria Medica e Chirurgica 1992 Jan-Feb;14(1):39-42 The author describes two cases of reactions to the food additives tartrazine (Yellow 5) and benzoates involving mainly the central nervous system (headache, migraine, overactivity, concentration and learning difficulties, depression) and joints (arthralgias), confirmed … Continue reading
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Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1990. Jan;65(1):74-7, Heart and Lung Institute, Brompton Hospital, London. Pollock did a double-blind placebo-controlled challenge study on 19 children who had improved previously on an additive-free diet. He didn’t use any additives but food dyes, … Continue reading
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Proceedings of the Nutrition Society of Australia, 1990 pg. 233. Sarantinos studied 13 children, 4-14 years old, who had been at least 6 weeks on a diet free of synthetic food dyes as part of their treatment for ADHD. The … Continue reading
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Journal of Nutritional Medicine; 1 (1). 1990. 51-58. Ward first studied the zinc status in various tissues (blood, hair, saliva, etc) in 20 hyperactive boys compared to 20 non-hyperactive boys. Then, in a double-blind placebo-controlled study of 10 hyperactive boys … Continue reading
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Journal of Pediatrics, 1989. Jan;114(1):51-8. Egger put 45 children with epilepsy and recurrent headaches, abdominal symptoms, or hyperactivity on an oligoantigenic (few foods) diet. 36 of them — 80% — improved. QUOTE: “Headaches, abdominal pains, and hyperkinetic behavior ceased … Continue reading
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Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, April 1989, Vol. 17(2), pp.127-32. Kaplan compared food diaries of children with and without ADHD and concluded that it was idiosyncratic sensitivities to components in the diet rather than a different overall diet. MedLine || … Continue reading
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Australian Paediatric Journal, April 1988, Vol. 24 (2), pp. 143-7 Of 220 children referred for suspected hyperactivity, 55 were put on a 6-week trial of the Feingold Diet. 40 of them — 72.7% — exhibited improved behavior, and 26 of … Continue reading
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Journal of Learning Disabilities, 1987 Jun-Jul;20(6):331-5, 346. A single subject ABAB (on-off-on-off) design was used to test the effectiveness of the Feingold (K-P) diet in the treatment of a 6-year-old hyperkinetic male who seemed to be diet-responsive. His behavior was … Continue reading
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Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1987. Feb;62(2):119-22. In a double-blind study, David challenged 24 of his patients who had been using diet for ADHD with benzoic acid (a preservative) and a large dose of coloring — 250 mg of Yellow … Continue reading
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Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1987. Jan;26(1):53-5. Gross carried out a diet study in a summer camp which is a great way to totally control the diet and get solid results in a study. NOTE: … Continue reading
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International Journal for Biosocial Research, 1986, 8(2); 185-195. Over 4 years, 803 New York City schools changed their breakfast and lunch programs. They lowered sucrose, synthetic food color/flavors, and two preservatives (BHA and BHT). For each change, there was an … Continue reading
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The Lancet, 9;1(8428):540-5. 62 of 76 (81.6%) overactive children improved by at least one grade level on an oligoantigenic (few foods) diet. Benzoic acid and tartrazine (Yellow 5) were the most common problems, but all children had other sensitivities as … Continue reading
