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Perspective, April 2014. In England, the E-number system was introduced in the 1960s to reassure consumers that permitted additives were safe. More recently, however, consumers have become suspicious of such numbers, and many of these E-numbers have been replaced by … Continue reading
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Masone & Chanforan, Computational Biology and Chemistry. 56(2015): 152-158. Five artificial food dyes were compared to their “natural equivalents” in ability to bind to human serum albumin (HSA). Note: In the case of binding to HSA, less is better. The … Continue reading
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Kumar, Srivastava. Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering. 8(4): 361-366. The plant Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek ) was exposed to Yellow 6 for three hours. It’s growing tips reacted with precocious movement, disorientation, and scattering. Note: This must be … Continue reading
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Kobylewski & Jacobson. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health. 18(3): 220-246. This review of the toxicology of food dyes finds that all nine of the currently approved dyes in the US have health concerns, including cancer, contamination with benzidine … Continue reading
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Jo, Bean. Molecular Pharmacology. 80: 247-257. BBG, a variant of Brilliant Blue (Blue 1) is a P2X7 receptor antagonist and is shown to also block neuronal sodium channels. It is the most potent agent yet found that interacts with sodium … Continue reading
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Irwin, Wong, Kwon. Biomacromolecules. 14(1): 264- 274. Amyloid fibrils such as those found in Alzheimer’s disease are thermodynamically very stable, but there is evidence that small molecules like food dyes can remodel them safely. The authors performed a remodeling trial … Continue reading
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Gao, Li, Shen, Yin, An, Jin. Journal of Food Science. 76(6): T125-T129. Middle and high Tartrazine (Yellow 5) doses produced learning and memory deficits. Doses are equivalent to 40 and 80 mg/kg for humans, which is far above the ADI. … Continue reading
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Faraone, Antshel. Child & Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 23(4): 965-72 This paper reviews an evidence-based approach to help doctors explain to parents the relative benefits of nonpharmacologic treatments for ADHD. Food dye exclusion is given a “4” in … Continue reading
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Eagle. Headache. 52(8): 1321. This paper describes how SULT1A enzymes affect dopamine, a neurotransmitter. Yellow 5 (Tartrazine) is one of the items that can inhibit SULT1A (Note: SULT1A is called PST in some studies). Elevated dopamine is generally blamed for … Continue reading
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Eagle. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 40: 2243-2249. This is an overview of how certain compounds affect the enzymes called phenolsulfotransferase (also called PST or SULT1A), and how enzyme inhibition enzyme causes problems such as migraines, heart arrhythmias, or increased blood … Continue reading
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Nutritional Neuroscience. 18(1); 12-21.Doguc, Aylak, Ilhan, Kulac, Gultekin. No adverse effects were seen on spatial working memory in the rats, but there was increased motility and anxiety, and decreased motivation with gender differences. Gender differences suggest an effect on different … Continue reading
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Disease Models and Mechanisms. 7(9): 1101-1109. This paper describes a neurological effect of Blue 1 that may be of medical benefit in treating spinal cord pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The receptor P2X7 is involved in the central nervous … Continue reading
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Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 73(3): 914-922. This is a review of food dye toxicity per official EFSA reports and other studies since 2008. Prenatal exposure to mixtures of food dyes can damage spatial working memory, and may affect brain signaling. … Continue reading
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PLoS ONE, 10(4): e0126314. Food allergies in children have been increasing in recent decades, so there is a need to create an allergic animal model in order to study this problem. This is normally accomplished by giving the rats a … Continue reading
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Lately, I have been asked to “prove” that the VAERS system for tracking vaccine injuries reports only a small percentage (less than 1%) of those injuries. I have also been asked to discuss whether such injuries are verified, and how. … Continue reading
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All mammals nurse their young, feeding them milk produced in their mammary glands. Before the “true” milk itself is produced, however, another fluid called colostrum is provided. It is rich in nutrients as well as various growth factors; it is … Continue reading
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Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 55(11). 1244-1250. In this study in Denmark, similar to the Zoega et al (2012) study in Iceland, the authors wanted to see if the younger children were more at risk of being prescribed ADHD … Continue reading
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Pediatrics, 130(6); 1012-1018 In a nationwide population-based study, the authors observed the effect of relative age on whether the child was likely to perform adequately in class and on whether the child would be prescribed medication for ADHD. They found … Continue reading
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Child’s Nervous System, 27: 793-802. Using the same testing the International Olympic Committee uses for detecting prohibited excitatory substances, the authors attempted to find out if eating certain foods may create an excess of excitatory substances in the urine of … Continue reading
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The Journal of Pediatrics. 163(5); 1323-1328. The authors here attempted to determine the effect, if any, of soda consumption on aggressive behavior, attention problems, and withdrawn behavior among 5-year-olds. Similar studies on older children had determined that consuming soft drinks … Continue reading
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Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. Feb 11;57(3):524-548. In addition to the problem of illegal and carcinogenic food dyes being added to foods — and the ongoing need to detect them — there is growing concern about the safety … Continue reading
Newsletter of the Feingold Association of the United States Read more … Want more? See the ARCHIVES beginning 1981 How can parents help their ADHD child? In the controversy over whether or not to use medication, some important issues are … Continue reading
PROLOGUE “What is the loss of job, career, professional license, honors, colleagues, and country against that of a child’s voice? How do the very public denigration of one’s science and the epithet of “child killer” from Bill Gates weigh against … Continue reading
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Autism. 2014, July; 18(5): 538-44. This is the first report comparing the profiles of children labelled PDA to those in other groups with behavioral overlap. For example, children with conduct problems are strongly motivated by rewards; for PDA, however, rewards … Continue reading
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Research in Developmental Disabilities. 2014 Dec; 35(12): 3236-44 Children with epilepsy often have other neurological problems such as autism and ADHD. This paper is a detailed report on four children with epilepsy as well as symptoms of PDA (Pathological Demand … Continue reading
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Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2014 July; 55(7):769-70 Beginning with a comment on “PDA” as sometimes used to mean “Public Display of Affection,” Gillberg says that in his own 40 years of clinical experience, PDA/EDA is not at all … Continue reading
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European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2015. August; 24(8): 979-84. The Faroe Islands are a cluster of 18 rocky, volcanic islands which form a self-governing archipelago, part of the Kingdom of Denmark. They are located in the open seas between the … Continue reading
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Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 55:7 (2014), pp 758–768 This paper is about the development and validation of the ‘Extreme Demand Avoidance Questionnaire’ (EDA-Q), to aid in diagnosis of PDA (Pathological Demand Avoidance) traits. PDA (or EDA) is a … Continue reading
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Environmental Health, Feb 27;14:17. doi: 10.1186/s12940-015-0003-1. The authors comment that while environmental factors known to increase the risk of ADHD include exposure to manganese, poly-chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), nicotine, mercury, arsenic, food additives, food coloring, pesticides and lead, almost no attention … Continue reading
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PLoS One. 2014 Oct 22;9(10): e110509. If you must handle thermal receipts, don’t use sanitizers or hand lotion – both often contain chemicals that will encourage the BPA to slide right through your skin. In the experiment described in this … Continue reading
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Child Care Health & Development. 2015 May;41 (3):424-33 This study examines the “mechanisms by which food advertising prompts children’s consumer behavior.” The children respond to advertising by (1) an increase in expectations and purchase motivation, (2) happiness upon acquiring the … Continue reading
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Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery. 2015 Jan; 152(1): 42-47. Aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is comprised of aspirin/acetyl-salicylic acid (ASA) sensitivity, bronchial asthma, and nasal polyposis. Treatment may include steroids, surgery, and/or aspirin desensitization. In this study of 10 patients, … Continue reading
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Childs Nervous System. 2011 May;27(5): 793-802 This is one of the first studies to investigate the relationship between dietary components and Tourette syndrome (TS). Using the laboratory that tested the Olympic Games contestants for illegal stimulant drugs, the researchers tested … Continue reading
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Annals of General Psychiatry (2015) March 1; 14:12 This was a study on children with ADHD in Iran who were already receiving Ritalin therapy, to see if improving their diet in general might make a difference. The children were divided … Continue reading
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Journal of Food Science. 2013 April; 78(4): T642-7 This is the first national study on food additive use in India, collecting data on “sweets and savories.” Their dye extraction and identification technique (using pure wool strands) is described, as is … Continue reading
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Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2012 Jan; 51(1): 86–97.e8. This meta-analysis of 24 published studies on food colors, plus 10 more on dietary restriction, concluded that a restriction diet (e.g., the Feingold diet or an … Continue reading
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Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny. 2012;63(2): 127-34 In this review of ADHD treatments, Konikowska describes hyperactivity as a genetic trait connected to abnormal brain maturation, likely related to less activity by neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine. While stimulant medications effectively increase the … Continue reading
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The Journal of Toxicological Sciences, Vol. 37, No. 6, 1247-1252. 2012 By studying the brains of mice whose mothers were exposed to titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles during pregnancy, the researchers determined changes in gene expression affecting several parts of the … Continue reading
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Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Research., Vol. 40, pp. 157-187, 2015 Omura reports on a non-invasive method developed to detect neurotransmitters, bacteria, metals, virus, and other abnormal molecules using an electromagnetic field resonance phenomenon through the pupil of the eye. The researchers … Continue reading
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Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A. 2014 Feb; 102(2): 470-8. Titanium dioxide is a naturally occurring white powder approved by the FDA. It is used as a white coloring in many products we use every day such as toothpaste, … Continue reading
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Toxicology and Industrial Health, 2013. March; 29(2): 224-32. doi: 10.1177/0748233711433935 The researchers wanted to evaluate the toxic effect of some synthetic colorants and/or flavors on body organs and metabolism in rats. They used 10 groups of 10 male albino rats … Continue reading
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Toxicology International. 2015 Jan-Apr; 22(1): 152–157. This study was done to see if the common food colors tartrazine (Yellow 5), metanil yellow (a non-permitted color often used illegally) and sunset yellow (Yellow 6) may play a part in liver disease. … Continue reading
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Annual Review of Public Health, 2015 Mar 18;36:211-30. The objective of this review is to provide an overview on the population impact of toxins on the developing brain and describe implications for public health. QUOTE: “The blood–brain barrier of the … Continue reading
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Environmental Health Perspectives, 2012. Jul;120(7): 935-43. In this study, the authors measured chemicals in cosmetics, personal care products, cleaners, sunscreens, and vinyl products, to determine what they contain in the way of asthma-causing chemicals and endocrine disruptors (chemicals that mess up … Continue reading
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Physiology & Behavior 2015, Jan. 138:179-87. This is a small study showing that autism is both genetic and environmental. The more “bad” microbes in the gut, the worse the autism, and probiotics helped. QUOTE: “This pilot study suggests the role … Continue reading
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Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 2015. 21 Suppl 1:52-62. During the past 50 years, the amount of synthetic dye used in foods has increased by 500%. At the same time, there has been an alarming rise in behavioral problems … Continue reading
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Acta Alimentaria, 43(2), 344-359. QUOTE: “Given that it is now well-known that autistic patients tend to be PST-deficient, causal link between a low-salicylate diet and the mitigation of symptom-severity seems a rather plausible hypothesis.” QUOTE: “It is quite apparent from … Continue reading
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Clinical Pediatrics, 2015 Apr;54(4):309-21, e-published April 24, 2014 Numerous foods and candies were purchased from local stores and processed to measure the amount of food dyes actually in them. Several comprehensive tables provide the details, but below is a sample: Some … Continue reading
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Clinical Pediatrics, 2014. Feb; 53(2): 133-40. The amount of food dyes certified over the years has increased more than 5-fold since 1950 (12 mg/capita/day) to 2012 (68 mg/capita/day). Studies that used 50 mg or more of food dyes showed a … Continue reading
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Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 2014 May;55(5):416-27. The author compares 3 kinds of studies for treatment of ADHD – restricted elimination diets (RED), artificial food colour elimination (AFCE), and essential fatty acid (e.g. fish oil) supplements (SFFA). He concludes … Continue reading
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European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2014 Jul;23(7):519-29. Verlaet discusses the common causes of GI problems, asthma, eczema, ear infections, and ADHD – involving both genes, immunity, and inflammation. An immune imbalance can be related to food provoking ADHD-like behavior. Food … Continue reading
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Eastern Michigan University Master’s Theses. 2013. Bell counted number of exposures to food dye, not the actual amounts of dye, consumed, and she found that children are exposed to food dyes at least twice as much as adults. She also … Continue reading
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Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2013 Jun;56:145-8. In a study of rats, the authors found that exposing them to food dyes before birth changed the expression of certain receptors when they grew up. The particular receptors (NMDAR and nAChR) are involved … Continue reading
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Toxicology and Industrial Health, 2013. Aug; 29(7): 616-23. Doguc, Ceyhan, Ozturk, Gultekin In this study, pregnant rats were given the ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake) amounts of the following food dyes by mouth, continuing to do so after the babies were … Continue reading
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The Medical Journal of Australia, 2013. Jun 17; 198(11): 600-2. Gray was treating patients who had tried the low-salicylate diet (called the FAILSAFE diet) used in Australia, which is more restrictive than the Feingold diet, eliminating both more of the … Continue reading
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JMED Research, Vol. 2013 (2013) This is a review of the studies about MSG and its influence on different systems in humans. Effects of injected MSG into rats included neuron damage, and prefrontal cerebral cortex changes, but such tests cannot … Continue reading
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American Journal of Psychiatry, 2013. March. 170(3): 275-89. This paper is a review of dietary and psychological treatments for ADHD. QUOTE (Conclusion): “Free fatty acid supplementation and artificial food color exclusions appear to have beneficial effects on ADHD symptoms, although … Continue reading
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Nutrition Review, 2013 May;71(5):268-81. Stevens reviews the research on mechanisms by which food dyes and common foods may cause behavioral changes in children with and without ADHD. The three potential mechanisms are toxicological, antinutritional, and hypersensitivity. Suggestions for future studies … Continue reading
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Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2013 Jan 4;6:344. This is a review of evidence suggesting that a gluten-free diet, a casein-free diet (or both) are helpful for people on the autism spectrum. QUOTE: “Although not wholly affirmative, the majority of published … Continue reading
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Neurotherapeutics. 2012 Jul;9(3):599-609. Arnold reviews the history of the effects of artificial food colors (AFC) on ADHD and the testimony to the 2011 FDA Food Advisory Committee. Arnold discusses possible biological mechanisms such as the effects of food dyes on … Continue reading
