Category Archives: 2011-2015

Saltmarch 2014: Recent trends in the use of food additives in the United Kingdom

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Perspective, April 2014. In England, the E-number system was introduced in the 1960s to reassure consumers that permitted additives were safe.  More recently, however, consumers have become suspicious of such numbers, and many of these E-numbers have been replaced by … Continue reading

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Masone 2015: Study on the Interaction of Artificial and Natural Food Colorants with Human Serum Albumin: A Computational Point of View

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Masone & Chanforan, Computational Biology and Chemistry. 56(2015): 152-158. Five artificial food dyes were compared to their “natural equivalents” in ability to bind to human serum albumin (HSA). Note: In the case of binding to HSA, less is better. The … Continue reading

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Kumar 2011: Genotoxic Effects of Two Commonly Used Food Additives of Boric Acid and Sunset Yellow in Root Meristems of Trigonella Foenum-Graecum

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Kumar, Srivastava.  Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering. 8(4): 361-366. The plant Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek ) was exposed to Yellow 6 for three hours. It’s growing tips reacted with precocious movement, disorientation, and scattering. Note: This must be … Continue reading

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Kobylewski 2012: Toxicology of food dyes

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Kobylewski & Jacobson.  International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health. 18(3): 220-246. This review of the toxicology of food dyes finds that all nine of the currently approved dyes in the US have health concerns, including cancer, contamination with benzidine … Continue reading

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Jo 2011: Inhibition of Neuronal Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels by Brilliant Blue G.

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Jo, Bean.  Molecular Pharmacology. 80:  247-257. BBG, a variant of Brilliant Blue (Blue 1) is a P2X7 receptor antagonist and is shown to also block neuronal sodium channels. It is the most potent agent yet found that interacts with sodium … Continue reading

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Irwin 2013: Different Fates of Alzheimer’s Disease Amyloid-beta Fibrils Remodeled by Biocompatible Small Molecules

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Irwin, Wong, Kwon. Biomacromolecules. 14(1): 264- 274. Amyloid fibrils such as those found in Alzheimer’s disease are thermodynamically very stable, but there is evidence that small molecules like food dyes can remodel them safely. The authors performed a remodeling trial … Continue reading

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Gao 2011: Effect of Food Azo Dye Tartrazine on Learning and Memory Functions in Mice and Rats, and the Possible Mechanisms Involved

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Gao, Li, Shen, Yin, An, Jin.  Journal of Food Science. 76(6): T125-T129. Middle and high Tartrazine (Yellow 5) doses produced learning and memory deficits. Doses are equivalent to 40 and 80 mg/kg for humans, which is far above the ADI. … Continue reading

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Faraone 2014: Towards an Evidence-Based Taxonomy of Nonpharmacologic Treatments for ADHD.

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Faraone, Antshel. Child & Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 23(4): 965-72 This paper reviews an evidence-based approach to help doctors explain to parents the relative benefits of nonpharmacologic treatments for ADHD. Food dye exclusion is given a “4” in … Continue reading

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Eagle 2012: SULT1A Inhibition and How a Migraine Stops

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Eagle.  Headache. 52(8):  1321. This paper describes how SULT1A enzymes affect dopamine, a neurotransmitter. Yellow 5 (Tartrazine) is one of the items that can inhibit SULT1A (Note: SULT1A is called PST in some studies). Elevated dopamine is generally blamed for … Continue reading

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Eagle 2012: Toxicological Effects of Red Wine, Orange Juice, and Other Dietary SULT1A Inhibitors via Excess Catecholamines

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Eagle.  Food and Chemical Toxicology. 40: 2243-2249. This is an overview of how certain compounds affect the enzymes called phenolsulfotransferase (also called PST or SULT1A), and how enzyme inhibition enzyme causes problems such as migraines, heart arrhythmias, or increased blood … Continue reading

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Doguc 2015: Are There Any Remarkable Effects of Prenatal Exposure to Food Colourings on Neurobehaviour and Learning Process in Rat Offspring?

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Nutritional Neuroscience. 18(1); 12-21.Doguc, Aylak, Ilhan, Kulac, Gultekin. No adverse effects were seen on spatial working memory in the rats, but there was increased motility and anxiety, and decreased motivation with gender differences. Gender differences suggest an effect on different … Continue reading

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Apolloni 2014: Spinal Cord Pathology is Ameliorated by P2X7 Antagonism in a SOD1-Mutant Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

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Disease Models and Mechanisms. 7(9): 1101-1109. This paper describes a neurological effect of Blue 1 that may be of medical benefit in treating spinal cord pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The receptor P2X7 is involved in the central nervous … Continue reading

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Amchova 2015: Health Safety Issues of Synthetic Food Colorants

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Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 73(3): 914-922. This is a review of food dye toxicity per official EFSA reports and other studies since 2008. Prenatal exposure to mixtures of food dyes can damage spatial working memory, and may affect brain signaling.  … Continue reading

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Abril-Gil 2015: Development and Characterization of an Effective Food Allergy Model in Brown Norway Rats

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PLoS ONE,  10(4): e0126314. Food allergies in children have been increasing in recent decades, so there is a need to create an allergic animal model in order to study this problem.   This is normally accomplished by giving the rats a … Continue reading

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Harvard Studies on VAERS

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Lately, I  have been asked to “prove” that the VAERS system for tracking vaccine injuries reports only a small percentage (less than 1%) of those injuries.  I have also been asked to discuss whether such injuries are verified, and how.  … Continue reading

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What About Colostrum?

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All mammals nurse their young, feeding them milk produced in their mammary glands. Before the “true” milk itself is produced, however, another fluid called colostrum is provided. It is rich in nutrients as well as various growth factors; it is … Continue reading

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Pottegard 2014: Children’s relative age in class and use of medication for ADHD: A Danish nationwide study

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Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 55(11). 1244-1250. In this study in Denmark, similar to the Zoega et al (2012) study in Iceland, the authors wanted to see if the younger children were more at risk of being prescribed ADHD … Continue reading

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Zoega 2012: Age, academic performance, and stimulant prescribing for ADHD: A nationwide cohort study

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Pediatrics, 130(6); 1012-1018 In a nationwide population-based study, the authors observed the effect of relative age on whether the child was likely to perform adequately in class and on whether the child would be prescribed medication for ADHD.  They found … Continue reading

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Zou 2011: Tourette syndrome and excitatory substances: Is there a connection?

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Child’s Nervous System, 27: 793-802. Using the same testing the International Olympic Committee uses for detecting prohibited excitatory substances, the authors attempted to find out if eating certain foods may create an excess of excitatory substances in the urine of … Continue reading

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Suglia 2013: Soft drinks consumption is associated with behavior problems in 5-year-olds

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The Journal of Pediatrics. 163(5); 1323-1328. The authors here attempted to determine the effect, if any, of soda consumption on aggressive behavior, attention problems, and withdrawn behavior among 5-year-olds.  Similar studies on older children had determined that consuming soft drinks … Continue reading

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Oplatowska-Stachowiak 2015: Food Colours: Existing and emerging food safety concerns

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Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. Feb 11;57(3):524-548. In addition to the problem of illegal and carcinogenic food dyes being added to foods — and the ongoing need to detect them — there is growing concern about the safety … Continue reading

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Pure Facts Excerpts and Archive

Newsletter of the Feingold Association of the United States Read more … Want more? See the ARCHIVES beginning 1981 How can parents help their ADHD child? In the controversy over whether or not to use medication, some important issues are … Continue reading

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Book: Waging War on the Autistic Child

PROLOGUE “What is the loss of job, career, professional license, honors, colleagues, and country against that of a child’s voice? How do the very public denigration of one’s science and the epithet of “child killer” from Bill Gates weigh against … Continue reading

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O’Nions 2014: Pathological demand avoidance: Exploring the behavioural profile

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Autism. 2014,  July; 18(5): 538-44. This is the first report comparing the profiles of children labelled PDA to those in  other groups with behavioral overlap. For example, children with conduct problems are strongly motivated by rewards; for PDA, however, rewards … Continue reading

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Reilly 2014: Pathological Demand Avoidance in a population-based cohort of children with epilepsy: Four case studies

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Research in Developmental Disabilities. 2014 Dec; 35(12): 3236-44 Children with epilepsy often have other neurological problems such as autism and ADHD.  This paper is a detailed report on four children with epilepsy as well as symptoms of PDA (Pathological Demand … Continue reading

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Gillberg 2014: Commentary: PDA – public display of affection or pathological demand avoidance? – reflections on O’Nions et al. (2014)

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Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2014 July; 55(7):769-70 Beginning with a comment on “PDA” as sometimes used to mean “Public Display of Affection,” Gillberg says that in his own 40 years of clinical experience, PDA/EDA is not at all … Continue reading

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Gillberg 2015: Extreme (“pathological”) demand avoidance in autism: a general population study in the Faroe Islands

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European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2015. August; 24(8): 979-84. The Faroe Islands are a cluster of 18 rocky, volcanic islands which form a self-governing archipelago, part of the Kingdom of Denmark.  They are located in the open seas between the … Continue reading

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O’Nions 2014: Development of the ‘Extreme Demand Avoidance Questionnaire’ (EDA-Q): preliminary observations on a trait measure for Pathological Demand Avoidance.

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Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 55:7 (2014), pp 758–768 This paper is about the development and validation of the ‘Extreme Demand Avoidance Questionnaire’  (EDA-Q), to aid in diagnosis of PDA (Pathological Demand Avoidance) traits. PDA (or EDA) is a … Continue reading

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Malin 2015: Exposure to fluoridated water and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder prevalence among children and adolescents in the United States: an ecological association

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Environmental Health, Feb 27;14:17. doi: 10.1186/s12940-015-0003-1. The authors comment that while environmental factors known to increase the risk of ADHD include exposure to manganese, poly-chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), nicotine, mercury, arsenic, food additives, food coloring, pesticides and lead, almost no attention … Continue reading

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Hormann 2014: Holding Thermal Receipt Paper and Eating Food after Using Hand Sanitizer Results in High Serum Bioactive and Urine Total Levels of Bisphenol A (BPA)

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PLoS One. 2014 Oct 22;9(10): e110509. If you must handle thermal receipts, don’t use sanitizers or hand lotion – both often contain chemicals that will encourage the BPA to slide right through your skin. In the experiment described in this … Continue reading

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Lioutas 2015: “I saw Santa drinking soda!” Advertising and children’s food preferences

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Child Care Health & Development. 2015 May;41 (3):424-33 This study examines the “mechanisms by which food advertising prompts children’s consumer behavior.” The children respond to advertising by (1) an increase in expectations and purchase motivation, (2) happiness upon acquiring the … Continue reading

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Sommer 2015: Treatment of aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease with a low salicylate diet: a pilot crossover study.

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Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery. 2015 Jan; 152(1): 42-47. Aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is comprised of aspirin/acetyl-salicylic acid (ASA) sensitivity, bronchial asthma, and nasal polyposis.  Treatment may include steroids, surgery, and/or aspirin desensitization. In this study of 10 patients, … Continue reading

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Zou 2011: Tourette syndrome and excitatory substances: Is there a connection?

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Childs Nervous System. 2011 May;27(5): 793-802 This is one of the first studies to investigate the relationship between dietary components and Tourette syndrome (TS). Using the laboratory that tested the Olympic Games  contestants for illegal stimulant drugs, the researchers tested … Continue reading

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Ghanizadeh 2015: The effect of dietary education on ADHD, a randomized controlled clinical trial

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Annals of General Psychiatry (2015) March 1; 14:12 This was a study on children with ADHD in Iran who were already receiving Ritalin therapy, to see if improving their diet in general might make a difference.  The children were divided … Continue reading

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Dixit 2013: All India survey for analyses of colors in sweets and savories: Exposure risk in Indian population

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Journal of Food Science. 2013 April; 78(4): T642-7 This is the first national study on food additive use in India, collecting data on “sweets and savories.” Their dye extraction and identification technique (using pure wool strands) is described, as is … Continue reading

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Nigg 2012: Meta-Analysis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms, Restriction Diet, and Synthetic Food Color Additives

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Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2012 Jan; 51(1): 86–97.e8. This meta-analysis of 24 published studies on food colors, plus 10 more on dietary restriction, concluded that a restriction diet (e.g., the Feingold diet or an … Continue reading

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Konikowska 2012: The influence of components of diet on the symptoms of ADHD in children

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Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny. 2012;63(2): 127-34 In this review of ADHD treatments, Konikowska describes hyperactivity as a genetic trait connected to abnormal brain maturation, likely related to less activity by neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine.  While stimulant medications effectively increase the … Continue reading

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Umezawa 2012: Effect of fetal exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticle on brain development – brain region information

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The Journal of Toxicological Sciences, Vol. 37, No. 6, 1247-1252. 2012 By studying the brains of mice whose mothers were exposed to titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles during pregnancy, the researchers determined changes in gene expression affecting several parts of the … Continue reading

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Omura 2015: Early Detection of Autism (ASD) by a Non-invasive Quick Measurement of Markedly Reduced Acetylcholine & DHEA and Increased β-Amyloid (1-42), Asbestos (Chrysotile), Titanium Dioxide, Al, Hg & often Coexisting Virus Infections (CMV, HPV 16 and 18), Bacterial Infections etc. in the Brain and Corresponding Safe Individualized Effective Treatment

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Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Research., Vol. 40,  pp. 157-187, 2015 Omura reports on a non-invasive method developed to detect neurotransmitters, bacteria, metals, virus, and other abnormal molecules using an electromagnetic field resonance phenomenon through the pupil of the eye. The researchers … Continue reading

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Ze 2014: Neurotoxicity and gene-expressed profile in brain-injured mice caused by exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles

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Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A. 2014 Feb; 102(2): 470-8. Titanium dioxide is a naturally occurring white powder approved by the FDA.  It is used as a white coloring in many products we use every day such as toothpaste, … Continue reading

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El-Wahab 2013: Toxic effects of some synthetic food colorants and/or flavor additives on male rats

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Toxicology and Industrial Health, 2013.  March; 29(2): 224-32.  doi: 10.1177/0748233711433935 The researchers wanted to evaluate the toxic effect of some synthetic colorants and/or flavors on body organs and metabolism in rats.   They used 10 groups of 10 male albino rats … Continue reading

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Saxena 2015: Food Color Induced Hepatotoxicity in Swiss Albino Rats, Rattus norvegicus

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Toxicology International. 2015 Jan-Apr; 22(1): 152–157. This study was done to see if the common food colors tartrazine (Yellow 5), metanil yellow (a non-permitted color often used illegally) and sunset yellow (Yellow 6) may play a part in liver disease. … Continue reading

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Lanphear 2015: The impact of toxins on the developing brain.

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Annual Review of Public Health,  2015 Mar 18;36:211-30. The objective of this review is to provide an overview on the population impact of toxins on the developing brain and describe implications for public health. QUOTE:  “The blood–brain barrier of the … Continue reading

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Dodson 2012: Endocrine disruptors and asthma-associated chemicals in consumer products

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Environmental Health Perspectives, 2012. Jul;120(7): 935-43. In this study, the authors measured chemicals in cosmetics, personal care products, cleaners, sunscreens, and vinyl products, to determine what they contain in the way of asthma-causing chemicals and endocrine disruptors (chemicals that mess up … Continue reading

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Tomova 2015: Gastrointestinal microbiota in children with autism in Slovakia

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Physiology & Behavior 2015, Jan. 138:179-87. This is a small study showing that autism is both genetic and environmental.  The more “bad” microbes in the gut, the worse the autism, and probiotics helped. QUOTE:  “This pilot study suggests the role … Continue reading

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Vojdani 2015: Immune reactivity to food coloring

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Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 2015. 21 Suppl 1:52-62. During the past 50 years, the amount of synthetic dye used in foods has increased by 500%.  At the same time, there has been an alarming rise in behavioral problems … Continue reading

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Malakar 2014: Minding the greens – Role of dietary salicylates in common behavioural health conditions

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Acta Alimentaria, 43(2), 344-359. QUOTE:  “Given that it is now well-known that autistic patients tend to be PST-deficient, causal link between a low-salicylate diet and the mitigation of symptom-severity seems a rather plausible hypothesis.” QUOTE:  “It is quite apparent from … Continue reading

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Stevens 2015: Amounts of artificial food dyes and added sugars in foods and sweets commonly consumed by children

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Clinical Pediatrics, 2015 Apr;54(4):309-21, e-published April 24, 2014 Numerous foods and candies were purchased from local stores and processed to measure the amount of food dyes actually in them. Several comprehensive tables provide the details, but below is a sample: Some … Continue reading

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Stevens 2014: Amounts of artificial food colors in commonly consumed beverages and potential behavioral implications for consumption in children

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Clinical Pediatrics, 2014. Feb; 53(2): 133-40. The amount of food dyes certified over the years has increased more than 5-fold since 1950 (12 mg/capita/day) to 2012 (68 mg/capita/day).  Studies that used 50 mg or more of food dyes showed a … Continue reading

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Stevenson 2014: Research review: the role of diet in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder–an appraisal of the evidence on efficacy and recommendations on the design of future studies.

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Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 2014 May;55(5):416-27. The author compares 3 kinds of studies for treatment of ADHD – restricted elimination diets (RED), artificial food colour elimination (AFCE), and essential fatty acid (e.g. fish oil) supplements (SFFA).  He concludes … Continue reading

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Verlaet 2014: Nutrition, immunological mechanisms and dietary immunomodulation in ADHD.

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European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2014 Jul;23(7):519-29. Verlaet discusses the common causes of GI problems, asthma, eczema, ear infections, and ADHD – involving both genes, immunity, and inflammation.  An immune imbalance can be related to food provoking ADHD-like behavior.  Food … Continue reading

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Bell 2013: A comparison of daily consumption of artificial dye-containing foods by American children and adults

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Eastern Michigan University Master’s Theses. 2013. Bell counted number of exposures to food dye, not the actual amounts of dye,  consumed, and she found that children are exposed to food dyes at least twice as much as adults.  She also … Continue reading

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Ceyhan 2013: Effects of maternally exposed coloring food additives on receptor expressions related to learning and memory in rats.

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Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2013 Jun;56:145-8. In a study of rats, the authors found that exposing them to food dyes before birth changed the expression of certain receptors when they grew up.  The particular receptors (NMDAR and nAChR) are involved … Continue reading

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Doguc 2013: Effects of maternally exposed colouring food additives on cognitive performance in rats

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Toxicology and Industrial Health, 2013. Aug; 29(7): 616-23.  Doguc, Ceyhan, Ozturk, Gultekin In this study, pregnant rats were given the ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake) amounts of the following food dyes by mouth, continuing to do so after the babies were … Continue reading

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Gray 2013: Salicylate elimination diets in children: Is food restriction supported by the evidence?

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The Medical Journal of Australia, 2013. Jun 17; 198(11): 600-2. Gray was treating patients who had tried the low-salicylate diet (called the FAILSAFE diet) used in Australia, which is more restrictive than the Feingold diet, eliminating both more of the … Continue reading

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Husarova 2013: Monosodium glutamate toxic effects and their implications for human intake: A review

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JMED Research, Vol. 2013 (2013) This is a review of the studies about MSG and its influence on different systems in humans.  Effects of injected MSG into rats included neuron damage, and prefrontal cerebral cortex changes, but such tests cannot … Continue reading

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Sonuga-Barke 2013: Nonpharmacological Interventions for ADHD: Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials of Dietary and Psychological Treatments

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American Journal of Psychiatry, 2013.  March. 170(3): 275-89. This paper is a review of dietary and psychological treatments for ADHD. QUOTE (Conclusion):  “Free fatty acid supplementation and artificial food color exclusions appear to have beneficial effects on ADHD symptoms, although … Continue reading

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Stevens 2013: Mechanisms of behavioral, atopic, and other reactions to artificial food colors in children

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Nutrition Review, 2013 May;71(5):268-81. Stevens reviews the research on mechanisms by which food dyes and common foods may cause behavioral changes in children with and without ADHD.  The three potential mechanisms are toxicological, antinutritional, and hypersensitivity. Suggestions for future studies … Continue reading

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Whiteley 2013: Gluten- and casein-free dietary intervention for autism spectrum conditions

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Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2013 Jan 4;6:344. This is a review of evidence suggesting that a gluten-free diet, a casein-free diet (or both) are helpful for people on the autism spectrum. QUOTE:   “Although not wholly affirmative, the majority of published … Continue reading

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Arnold 2012: Artificial food colors and attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms: Conclusions to dye for

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Neurotherapeutics. 2012 Jul;9(3):599-609. Arnold reviews the history of the effects of artificial food colors (AFC) on ADHD and the testimony to the 2011 FDA Food Advisory Committee. Arnold discusses possible biological mechanisms such as the effects of food dyes on … Continue reading

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